Question
Distinguish between : Ascariasis and Filariasis.
✓
Answer
| Ascariasis | Filariasis |
| 1. Only one species Ascaris lumbricoid.es cause ascariasis. | 1. There are many species of nematode that can cause filariasis. |
| 2. Ascaris causes the infection of alimentary canal. | 2. Wuchereria bancrofti causes the infection of lymphatic system. |
| 3. Ascaris does not cause swellings of upper and lower limbs. | 3. Filariasis cause swellings of extremities. |
| 4. Ascaris is caused due to faeco-oral transmission. | 4. Filariasis is caused due to vector transmission (Culex mosquito). |
| 5. Medicines for treatment of Ascariasis are Piperazine, Mebendazole, Levamisole, Pyrantel. | 5. Medicines for treatment of filariasis are diethyl- carbamazine citrate. |
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Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below: Ecosystem diversity is the variety of forms in the ecosystem due to diversity of niches, trophic levels and ecological processes like nutrient recycling, food webs, energy flow, etc. Study the given figure. 
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- Identify different types of diversity denoted by 1, 2 and 3 in the given figure.
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1
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2
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3
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(a)
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Alpha diversity
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Beta diversity
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Gamma diversity
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(b)
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Gamma diversity
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Alpha diversity
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Beta diversity
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(c)
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Gamma diversity
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Beta diversity
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Alpha diversity
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(d)
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Beta diversity
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Alpha diversity
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Gamma diversity
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- Alpha diversity is biodiversity present.
- Within conununity.
- Between conununities.
- In ranges of communities.
- None of these.
- Diversity represented by diversity of habitats over a total landscape area is:
- $\alpha-\text{diversity}$
- $\gamma-\text{diversity}$
- $\beta-\text{diversity}$
- $\delta-\text{diversity}$
- Concept of three types of ecological diversity was given by:
- Elton
- Odum
- Edward Wilson
- Whittaker
- The diversity of organisms sharing the same habitat or conununity is termed as:
- Alpha diversity.
- beta diversity.
- gamma diversity.
- delta diversity.
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
The process of copying genetic information from template strand of DNA into RNA is called transcription. It is mediated by RNA polymerase. Transcription takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. In transcription, only a segment of DNA and only one of the strands is copied into RNA.
→The process of copying genetic information from template strand of DNA into RNA is called transcription. It is mediated by RNA polymerase. Transcription takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. In transcription, only a segment of DNA and only one of the strands is copied into RNA.
- What are regions of transcription unit in a DNA molecule?
- Promoter
- Structural gene
- Terminator
- All of these
- Monocistronic structural genes are found in which organisms?
- Prokaryotes
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Eukaryotes
- Which enzyme helps in tailing or polyadenylation?
- Poly-A polymerase
- Exonuclease
- RNA polymerase I
- RNA polymerase II
- Assertion: A single RNA polymerase in prokaryotes synthesis all types of RNAs.
- Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- Both assertion and reason are false.
- Read the given list of materials.
- RNA polymerase enzyme
- DNA template.
- DNA template.
- Okazaki segments.
- Four types of ribonucleotides triphosphates.
- Divalent metal ions $Mg^{2+}$ as a cofactor.
- (1) (2) (3) and(4)
- (1) (2) (3) (5) and(6)
- (1) (2) (5) and(6)
- All of these
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1928 marked the beginning of the remarkable era in medical field. Penicillin was the first antibiotic extracted from Penicillium notatum. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial diseases. These can be broad spectrum which can kill diverse group of disease causing bacteria and narrow spectrum which is effective only against one group of pathogenic strain. Antibiotics can act as bactericides or bacteriostatic. Bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria by - disruption of cell wall synthesis (e.g., penicillin, cephalosporin, etc.), inhibition of SOS ribosome function (e.g.; erythromycin), inhibition of 30S ribosome function (e.g., streptomycin, neomycin), inhibition of amino acid-tRNA binding to ribosome (e.g., tetracyline). etc. Bacteriostatic antibiotics do not kill the bacteria rather they restrict the growth of bacteria. Penicillin belongs to $\beta$-lactum group of antibiotics and it inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding and inactivating protein. It inhibits transpeptidation of reaction and blocks cross-linking of the cell wall. It is used to treat tonsilitis, sore throat, gonorrhoea, rheumatic fever and some pneumonia types.
→Discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1928 marked the beginning of the remarkable era in medical field. Penicillin was the first antibiotic extracted from Penicillium notatum. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial diseases. These can be broad spectrum which can kill diverse group of disease causing bacteria and narrow spectrum which is effective only against one group of pathogenic strain. Antibiotics can act as bactericides or bacteriostatic. Bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria by - disruption of cell wall synthesis (e.g., penicillin, cephalosporin, etc.), inhibition of SOS ribosome function (e.g.; erythromycin), inhibition of 30S ribosome function (e.g., streptomycin, neomycin), inhibition of amino acid-tRNA binding to ribosome (e.g., tetracyline). etc. Bacteriostatic antibiotics do not kill the bacteria rather they restrict the growth of bacteria. Penicillin belongs to $\beta$-lactum group of antibiotics and it inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding and inactivating protein. It inhibits transpeptidation of reaction and blocks cross-linking of the cell wall. It is used to treat tonsilitis, sore throat, gonorrhoea, rheumatic fever and some pneumonia types.
- The first antibiotic was extracted from a:
- Lichen.
- Fungus.
- Eubacteria.
- Acti-nomycetes.
- Which of the following kills bacteria by interfering SOS ribosome function?
- Cephalosporin.
- Erythromycin.
- Streptomycin.
- Neomycin.
- $\beta$-lactum group of antibiotics kill the bacterial pathogen by:
- Disruption of plasma membrane.
- Inhibition of translation of mRNA.
- Inhibition of translation of mRNA
- Inhibition of transcription of mRNA.
- Penicillin is not used to treat.
- Pneumonia.
- Tonsilitis.
- Rheumatic fever.
- Candidiasis.
- Assertion: Cephalosporins act by disruption of bacterial cell wall synthesis mechanism.
- Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- Assertion is true but reason is false.
- Both assertion and reason are false.
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Ananya is a biologist, her research guide assigned project, i.e., to determine the effect ofin tra-specific competition on the growth of sapling of Eucalyptus. For this, she designed an experiment in which two sets of pots were used. ln the first set (set A) only I sapling was planted per pot and in the other set (set B) $16$ saplings were planted per pot. To check for the effect of intra-specific competition on allocation of resources, a decreasing amount of water was added to each set. The results have been graphically indicated. Which of the following conclusions can indicated as follows:
→Ananya is a biologist, her research guide assigned project, i.e., to determine the effect ofin tra-specific competition on the growth of sapling of Eucalyptus. For this, she designed an experiment in which two sets of pots were used. ln the first set (set A) only I sapling was planted per pot and in the other set (set B) $16$ saplings were planted per pot. To check for the effect of intra-specific competition on allocation of resources, a decreasing amount of water was added to each set. The results have been graphically indicated. Which of the following conclusions can indicated as follows:
- Which of the following statements can be concluded from the given study?
- More resources are allocated to the root during low water conditions.
- Competition for water among individuals of a population causes more root growth as compared to individuals who are growing alone.
- Lesser leaves are formed under low water conditions.
- Root growth is higher in individual grown singly as compared to individuals in populations.
- Which of the following associations is an example of competitions?
- Cuscuta and hedge plant.
- Balanus and Cathamalus.
- Cactus and moth.
- Orchid and mango.
- If '+' sign is assigned to beneficial interaction, '-' sign to detrimental and O sign to neutral interaction, then the population interaction of competition refers to:
- +, +
- -, -
- +, -
- +, 0
- lntraspecific competition is more severe due to:
- similar needs.
- similar adaptations.
- common resources.
- all of these.
- Assertion: Two members of a competing species may co-exist.
- Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- Assertion is true but reason is false.
- Both assertion and reason are false.
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