Question
Distinguish between : Atria and Ventricles.

Answer

AtriaVentricles
1. Atria are upper chambers of the heart.1. Ventricles are lower chambers of the heart.
2. Atria are thin walled.2. Ventricles are thick walled.
3. Atria are receiving chambers.3. Ventricles are distributing chambers.
4. Interatrial septum divides the two auricles (atria).4. Interventricular septum divides the two ventricles.
5. Right atrium is larger in size than left atrium.5. Left ventricle is larger in size than the right ventricle.

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Distinguish between : Pulmonary circulation and Systemic circulation.
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(1) Eutrophication(a) Soil erosion
(2) Biomagnification(b) Prevention of extinction
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Read the following and answer any four questions from $2(i)$ to $2(v)$ given below: Restriction endonuclease was isolated for the first ti me by W. Arb er in $1962$ in bacteria. Restriction endonucleases cut the DNA duplex at specific points therefore they are also called as molecular scissors or biological scissors. Three types of restriction endonucleases are Type I, Type II and Type III but only Type II restriction endonucleases are used in recombinant DNA technology. Restriction endonuclease EcoR I recognises the base sequence GAATTC in DNA duplex and cut strands between G and A.
  1. Only type II restriction enzymes are used in gene manipulation because
  1. ATP is not required for cleaving.
  2. It consists of three different subunits.
  3. It makes cleavage or cut in both the strands of DNA molecule.
  4. Both (a) and (c).
  1. Which of the following ions are used by restriction endonucleases for restriction?
  1. $Mg^{2+}$ ions
  2. $Mn^{2+}$​​​​​​​ ions
  3. $Na^{2+}$​​​​​​​ ions
  4. $K^{2+}$​​​​​​​ ions
  1. Restriction endonuclease was isolated for the first time in a:
  1. Plant cell.
  2. Animal cell.
  3. Prokaryotic cell.
  4. Genninal cell.
  1. Restriction endonucleases are also called as molecular or biological scissors because,
  1. They cleave base pairs of DNA only at their terminal ends.
  2. They cleave one or both the strands of DNA.
  3. They act only on single stranded DNA.
  4. None of these.
  1. Select the option that correctly states the working action of restriction endonuclease EcoR I on DNA sequence GAATTC
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  2. $ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \downarrow\\5'-\text{GAATTC}-3'\\3'-\text{CTTAAG}-5'\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \uparrow$
  3. $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \downarrow\\5'-\text{GAATTC}-3'\\3'-\text{CTTAAG}-5'\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \uparrow$
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Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below: Ecosystem diversity is the variety of forms in the ecosystem due to diversity of niches, trophic levels and ecological processes like nutrient recycling, food webs, energy flow, etc. Study the given figure.
  1. Identify different types of diversity denoted by 1, 2 and 3 in the given figure.
 
1
2
3
(a)
Alpha diversity
Beta diversity
Gamma diversity
(b)
Gamma diversity
Alpha diversity
Beta diversity
(c)
Gamma diversity
Beta diversity
Alpha diversity
(d)
Beta diversity
Alpha diversity
Gamma diversity
  1. Alpha diversity is biodiversity present.
  1. Within conununity.
  2. Between conununities.
  3. In ranges of communities.
  4. None of these.
  1. Diversity represented by diversity of habitats over a total landscape area is:
  1. $\alpha-\text{diversity}$
  2. $\gamma-\text{diversity}$
  3. $\beta-\text{diversity}$
  4. $\delta-\text{diversity}$
  1. Concept of three types of ecological diversity was given by:
  1. Elton
  2. Odum
  3. Edward Wilson
  4. Whittaker
  1. The diversity of organisms sharing the same habitat or conununity is termed as:
  1. Alpha diversity.
  2. beta diversity.
  3. gamma diversity.
  4. delta diversity.
What is meant by chromosomal mutation?
Microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. In our mind, we presume, most of the time, that microbes are always harmful. Microbes are, of course, the causal agents of many infections diseases of plants and animals including humans but they also have lots of beneficial role. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are one of this kind of useful group. These are Gram positive, non-sporulating, either rod-shaped or spherical bacteria. They produce lactic acid in milk products as major metabolic end product of carbohydrate fermentation. LAB are considered as natural fermentors. Lactobacillus is a common LAB which converts lactose sugar of milk into lactic acid, that causes coagulation and partial digestion of milk protein casein. Milk is then changed into curd, yoghurt and cheese. Lactobacillus is also used in probiotics which have potentially beneficial effect on gut ecosystem of humans. Some other probiotic strain used belong to the Genus Bifidobacterium.
  1. Which of the following is not considered as microorganisms?
  1. Bacteriophage.
  2. Streptococcus.
  3. Porphyra.
  4. Staphylococcus.
  1. Select the incorrect option regarding the characteristics of lactic acid bacteria.
  1. They are rod-shaped or spherical.
  2. They are Gram positive.
  3. They take part in carbohydrate fermentation.
  4. They are acid intolerant.
  1. Which of the following is not a lactic acid producing bacteria?
  1. Streptococcus.
  2. Lactococcus.
  3. Saccharomyces.
  4. Enterococcus.
  1. Probiotics are:
  1. Gut friendly live bacteria.
  2. Acid balancing alternated bacteria.
  3. Beneficial amount of dead bacteria.
  4. Gram negative attenuated bacteria.
  1. Assertion: Lactobacillus bacteria do not retain crystal violet stain while staining.
Reason: Lactobacillus have a very thin layer of peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall.
  1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
  4. Both assertion and reason are false.
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While studying inheritance of characters, a teacher gave the example of inheritance of attached earlobe and hypertrichosis of the ear to her students. A man with attached earlobes and extensive hair on pinna married a woman having free earlobes. The couple had four children, one son with attached earlobes and hairy pinna, one son with a free earlobes and hairy pinna and two daughters with attached earlobes. One of the daughters married a man with free earlobes and sparse hair on pinna. Teacher said if this couple would have sons there would be equal chances for both having free or attached earlobes and sparse hair on pinnae.
  1. Attached and free earlobe are respective example of?
  1. Dominant and recessive traits.
  2. Recessive and recessive traits.
  3. Recessive and dominant traits.
  4. Dominant and dominant traits.
  1. Hypertrichosis of the ear is.
  1. X linked trait
  2. Y linked trait
  3. Autosomal dominant trait
  4. Autosomal recessive trait.
  1. If a female with attached earlobe married a male homozygous for free earlobe sparse hair on pinna then what would be the chances of daughter to have attached earlobe?
  1. 0%
  2. 100%
  3. 25%
  4. 75%
  1. If a man with attached earlobe and hairy pinna married a woman with attached earlobe then what would be the chances of son to have hairy pinna?
  1. 50%
  2. 100%
  3. 75%
  4. 0%
  1. A male with attached earlobe, sparse hair on pinna married a female with attached earlobe. Which of the following is correct regarding their progenies?
  1. All sons have a free earlobe with hairy pinna.
  2. All daughters have an attached earlobe.
  3. 50% daughters have an attached earlobe whereas 50% daughters have a free earlobe.
  4. 50% sons have attached earlobe with hairy pinna and 50% sons have a free earlobe
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
The given graphs show fluctuations in blood sugar of person X and Y during a 24 hour time period.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
  1. Which of the following holds true for person X?
  1. Person X is suffering from type I diabetes.
  2. Person X shows severe insulin deficiency and beta cell depletion.
  3. Person X is normal and shows good control of blood sugar level.
  4. Person X is subjected to excessive urination and abnormal thrust.
  1. The given graph indicates that person Y is suffering from.
  1. Diabetes
  2. Hypertension
  3. Atherosclerosis
  4. Rheumatic heart disease.
  1. Which of the following conditions are common in person Y?
  1. Excretion of glucose in urine and excessive urination.
  2. Polydipsia and mild beta cell depletion.
  3. Progressive erosion of articular cartilage at synovial joint.
  4. Both (a) and (b).
  1. A person suffering from diabetes mellitus becomes weak because.
  1. The cells are unable to utilise glucose and other carbohydrates for energy production.
  2. Degradation of fat increases production of toxic ketone bodies.
  3. Cells utilise proteins for obtaining energy
  4. All of these.
  1. Assertion: Type I diabetes involves failure of insulin to facilitate the movement of glucose into cells.
Reason: Type II diabetes is caused by failure of beta cells to produce adequate amount of insulin due to beta cell depletion.
  1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
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Column AColumn B
(1) Nutritive tissue of embryo(a) Perisperm
(2) Remnants of nucellus in seed(b) Cotyledon
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