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POPULATION — Economics STD 12 Commerce — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 CommerceEconomicsPOPULATION5 Marks
Question
Examine the nature of population in India.
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Answer

$1.$ Introduction:
  • It is necessary to know the trends or nature of population to know the problems of population in India.
  • Trends of population means interpretation of statistical date of the size of the population, rate of the growth of population, birth rate, death rate, rural and urban population, gender ratio, age group wise classification of population etc.
  • In $1817$ Jamshedji Tata conducted first population census.
  • Then in India in $1891$ the work of population census was started being done systematically.
  • After that every year it has been conducted.
  • The first census of independent India was conducted in $1951.$
  • Analyzing the data of census between $1911$ and $2011,$ following trends are observed in the $7$ decades of planning.
$2.$ Trends of Population $($Nature$):(1)$ Size of Population:
  • India hold $2nd$ rank in population in the world.
  • In $1951$ the population of the nation was $36.1$ crore which increased to $121.8$ crore in $2011.$
  • Every year there is addition of $170$ lacs of population in India.
  • In other words every year there is increase in population equal to the population of Australia.
  • If current population increase is not controlled ,then as per world Development Report, by $2050$ India will be the country with the highest
  • population of $164$ crore.
$(2)$ Rate of Population Growth:
  • In $1951$ the average rate of population growth was $1.25\%$ which in $1981$ increased to $2.22\%.$
  • Then there was constant decrease.
  • In $2011$ this rate has come to $1.64\%.$
  • Considering the seriousness of the problem of population after $1981$ effective measures being taken in the area of population control.
  • The rate is decreasing and the goal of zero growth rate to be achieved by $2045$ is the goal set in National Population Policy of $2000.$
$(3)$ Birth-rate:
  • Every year per population of $1000$ the number of children born alive in the country or in the specific area is known as birth rate.
  • In India in $1951$ the birth rate was $39.9$ which has reduced to $21.8$ in $2011$ means in the 6 decades of planning there is reduction of $18.1.$
$(4)$ Death-rate:
  • The average number of death occurring every year per population of $1000$ is known as death rate.
  • In $1951$ in India the death rate was $27.4$ which reduced to $7.1$ in $2011.$
  • In this time duration it has reduced remarkably by $20.3.$
  • The problem of population has become severe in India because compare to birth rate there is more reduction in death rate in India.
  • During planning sizeable reduction in death rate has been possible due to the reasons like control over famine, improvement in standard of living, improved scope of health related facilities, increase in education, revolutionary charges in medical and surgery branch, control over infection diseases, and proper health policy of the government.
$(5)$ Proportion of Rural and Urban Population:
  • The number of people residing in rural area and in urban area can be known through the proportion of population.
  • Normally along with economic development the proportion of people residing in the rural area decreases and the percentage in urban area is found increasing.
  • In India in $1951, 82.8\%$ population was residing in rural area and $17.2\%$ population was residing in the urban area which has reduced in rural area to $68\%$ and increased to $32\%$ in the urban area.
$(6)$ Male Female ratio in Population:
  • The number of males and females in the total population of India is known as the proportion of males and females.
  • During the planning in India, the population of male and female was increasing.
  • In $1951,$ the population of males was $18.88$ crore which increased to $62.32$ crore in $2011.$
  • Out of total population the percentage of the population of male was $51.37\%$ which increased to $51.47\%.$
  • Means there is increase of $0.10\%$ while in the similar period female population is increased from $17.56$ crore to $58.76$ crore.
  • Looking to the percentage the female population, reduced from $48.63\%$ to $48.43\%$ means there was decreased of $0.20\%.$ Decreasing number of females against males may create challenges in future.
$(7)$ Gender Ratio in India:
  • The number of females against $1000$ males in a country is known as male female ratio or gender ratio.
  • If there is disparity between male female ratio many problems in society may arise such as marriage, family, economic order etc.
  • Except Kerala in India in other regions per $1000$ males the number of females is less.
  • In $2011$ in India there is $940$ females per $1000$ males.
$(8)$ Age Group wise Population:
  • Active labour force in the country can be known through the study of population according to age group.
  • In India people of the age group between $15$ and $64$ are included as working age group.
  • It is known as active labour force of the nation.
  • From $2005$ to $2014$ there were $32.78\%$ people in the age group of $0-14$ years of age which reduced to $29.21\%.$
  • In the same way the proportion of the age group above $65$ years has increased from $4.78$ to $5.49\%.$
  • Working labour group proportion $(15-64$ years$)$ has increased from $62.44\%$ to $65.03\%.$
  • Which is good for the development of the nation.
$(9)$ Density of Population:
  • Population is increasing in India day by day.
  • In India in $2011,$ density of population was $382$ people per one square km.
  • The highest number of population is in Delhi and the lowest is in Arunachal Pradesh.
$(10)$ Others:
  • In India during planning, expected birth proportion is considerably increased.
  • In the beginning of the planning expected life span was only $32$ years which has increased to $68$ years in $2014.$
  • In $2011$ in India, the rate of literacy is $69.$
  • The highest literacy rate is in Kerala and the lowest is in Bihar.

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