Guessing in Indian Logic — Philosophy STD 12 Arts — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ArtsPhilosophyGuessing in Indian Logic5 Marks
Question
Explain the types of conjecture by giving an example.
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Answer
There are two types of conjecture in Indian conjecture depending on the purpose of the person making the conjecture:
$1.$ Selfishness and $2.$ Altruism.
$1.$ Selfishness: Selfishness is a personal argument made by a person to settle his doubts or to remove the doubts.
Self-esteem is the guess that a person makes in his mind for his own knowledge.
Self-esteem means self-conjecture. At the individual level a person makes a guess for his own knowledge.
A self-interested person does not need to make a systematic presentation through his speech as he has a mental inference for his knowledge. Thus, self-esteem is not verbal but cognitive.
The question that arises in a person's mind is ‘Is there a fire on this mountain or not?
Where there is smoke there is fire.
There is smoke on this mountain.
So, there is fire on this mountain.
This is how a person removes his doubts by guessing in his mind. Thus, selfishness is called ‘cognitive mental’ activity.
Judges are of the opinion that when a person wants to convince another person of the conjecture he has made for himself, he has to present the conjecture by scope, subdivision and incorporation, including the pledge, purpose, example.
Thus, selfishness becomes altruism when presented in a valid way through systematic language.
$2.$ Predictiveness: Predictiveness is the presumption made by one person to another person for the purpose of imparting knowledge to him.
Predictability means over-meaning-guessing. It is a guess made for another.
He has to use language when one person presents his own inference to another person. This is why jurists call altruism a 'verbal conjecture'.
In the opinion of the jurists, in order for the opposite person to understand the conjecture properly, it is necessary that its linguistic representation be done through five organs or five statements.
The five components of altruism and their order are as follows:
First statement: Pledge
Second statement: Purpose
Third statement: Scope including example
Fourth statement: Upanay
Fifth Statement: Incorporation
If the five statements are presented in the order shown above, one person can effectively transform the knowledge acquired for himself into another person.
The knowledge that is acquired by another person in altruism is considered to be the knowledge acquired through verbal knowledge.
In altruism knowledge is gained not only by believing in the words of another person but also by examining the logic represented by the words.
Thus, the knowledge gained through altruism is not verbal but predictable.
It is imperative to use the word in altruism.
Thus altruism is considered verbal.
In practice, altruism is not verbal but cognitive.
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