Methods of pervasiveness and scientific exploration — Philosophy STD 12 Arts — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ArtsPhilosophyMethods of pervasiveness and scientific exploration5 Marks
Question
Make a critical presentation on the mandatory condition and adequate condition. Or write a short note: unavoidable condition.
✓
Answer
Science tries to understand the cause of any event that occurs in nature. Science has acknowledged the inevitability and universality of the relation of cause and effect.
To understand the meaning of reason from a scientific point of view, modern logic introduces the concepts of ‘compulsory condition’ and ‘sufficient condition’.
The explanation of both these concepts is as follows:
$1.$ Inevitable condition: Inevitable condition means coincidences in the absence of which an event cannot take place.
E.g. event $F$
If H is the indispensable condition for occurrence, then in the absence of $H,$ the event cannot take place.
The form of the mandatory condition is as follows:
Forms$: - \sim H \rightarrow \sim F$
Just because an event does not occur in the absence of an unavoidable condition does not mean that it does occur only in the presence of an unavoidable condition.
Hence the presence of an unavoidable condition is necessary for the survival of the event but not sufficient.
For example, in order to pass the examination, it is an essential condition for the student to be present in the examination room at the time of examination.
But just being present does not mean that the examinee can pass.
Thus, the inevitable condition is necessary for the existence of the event, but not sufficient.
$2.$ Adequate condition: The condition for certain event is that coincidences which are present, then inevitably happen.
If there is a sufficient condition $(H)$ for certain event $(F)$ to occur then event $(F)$ inevitably occurs when sufficient condition $(H)$ is present.
The form of adequate condition is as follows:
$3.$ The relationship between the inevitable and the adequate condition: From a scientific point of view, the cause is the result of any event if the adequate condition is present.
But the mere presence of an unavoidable condition does not mean that the result will be the same; because the inevitable condition is inevitable to produce the result, but not enough.
There are many unavoidable conditions for an event to happen.
Putting all these unavoidable conditions together becomes a sufficient condition.
The presence of an unavoidable condition does not necessarily mean that an event will occur, but if an adequate condition is present it will certainly happen.
Thus, if $a, b, c, d, e$ are the indispensable conditions for an event $(F)$ to occur, then the sum of $a + b + c + d + e$ becomes sufficient condition $(H),$ and if $(H)$ is present, the event $(F)$ Can be predicted to occur.
A set of unavoidable conditions = adequate condition or cause → event or result
$a + b + c + d + e = H \rightarrow F$
Thus, the sum of all the indispensable conditions is the sufficient condition.
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