Methods of pervasiveness and scientific exploration — Philosophy STD 12 Arts — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ArtsPhilosophyMethods of pervasiveness and scientific exploration5 Marks
Question
Explain in detail the scientific scope.
✓
Answer
The explanation of the form of scientific scope is as follows:
$1. $ Definition: The scope established by following the scientific method completely from the scientific observation of some facts is called ‘scientific scope’.
$2.$ Example: All the rules of science are established according to the scientific method. E.g.
$(1)$ All objects evaporate from heat.
$(2)$ All oily substances burn quickly.
$(3)$ A burning candle is extinguished in a carbon-filled jar.
$3.$ General characteristics of scientific scope: The general characteristics of scientific scope are as follows:
The scientific scope is formed on the observation of real facts.
The facts under observation are limited in the scientific scope.
A universal law is introduced by generalizing experience or observation in the scientific field.
The scientific scope is an intellectual adventure or a logical leap from some to all.
Knowledge is clarified through scientific scope and new knowledge is acquired.
$4.$ Specific Characteristics of Scientific Scope: The distinctive features of scientific scope are as follows:
$(1)$ The scientific scope has the strong support of scientific observation and experimentation: the establishment of the scientific scope follows the scientific method.
Scientific $(1)$ observation, $(2)$ theory conception, $(3)$ verification and $(4)$ theory establishment-these go through four stages when establishing a scientific scope.
Observation and experimentation are indispensable in all four phases.
$(ii)$ The scientific scope establishes a causal relationship: The scientific scope seeks a causal relationship.
E.g. ‘All objects swell with heat.
This statement establishes a causal relationship between heat and swelling.
$(iii)$ The law of causation and the law of homogeneity of nature are the two basic principles accepted in the scientific sphere: the law of causality and the law of uniformity of nature are the two basic principles accepted.
E.g. ‘Every incident has a cause.’
It is only after accepting this law of causation that the cause of matter is discovered.
Heat causes matter to swell. '
Finding out if the same reason always results in the same thing.
Only if the laws of uniformity of such nature are accepted, "all matter swells with heat."
Such a scientific scope is presented.
$5.$ Value of scientific scope: The probability of scientific scope being wrong is almost negligible.
The scientific scope is the establishment of a causal relationship that is close to certainty.
The scientific scope is considered to be the ideal type of scope as it is scientific.
Human curiosity is satisfied with the scientific scope as it has undergone thorough research $($steps from observation to the establishment of theory$)$ on the subject to which the scientific scope is concerned.
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