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Unit 4 Ch 4 : Globalization and the Indian Economy — Social Studies STD 10 — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Social StudiesUnit 4 Ch 4 : Globalization and the Indian Economy4 Marks
Question
Read the case given below and answer the questions that follow:
Energy can be generated from fuel minerals like coal, petroleum, natural gas, uranium and from electricity. Energy resources can be classified as conventional and non-conventional sources. Conventional sources include: firewood, cattle dung cake, coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity (both hydel and thermal). Non-conventional sources include solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas and atomic energy. Firewood and cattle dung cake are most common in rural India. According to one estimate, more than 70 percent energy requirement in rural households is met by these two, continuation of these is increasingly becoming difficult due to decreasing forest area. Moreover, using dung cake too is being discouraged because it consumes most
valuable manure which could be used in agriculture.
Q.1. Which conventional energy source are mostly used in rural areas?
Q.2. It is becoming difficult to continue the use of firewood and cattle dung. What is the reason?
Q.3. What are conventional sources of energy? Give two examples.
✓

Answer

Q.1. Firewood, Cattle dung cake
Q.2. Decreasing forest area makes difficult to use of firewood and cattle dung.
Q.3. Conventional sources of energy are those which have been in common use for a long time. They can be exhaustible and inexhaustible. Example - Coal and petroleum.

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Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
In recent years, the central and state governments in India are taking special steps to attract foreign companies to invest in India. Industrial zones, are called Special Economic Zones (SEZs), are being set up. SEZs are to have world class facilities: electricity, water, roads, transport, storage, recreational and educational facilities. Companies who set up production units in the SEZs do not have to pay taxes for an initial period of five years. Government has also allowed flexibility in the labour laws to attract foreign investment. Companies in the organised sector have to obey certain rules that aim to protect the workers' rights. In the recent years, the government has allowed companies to ignore many of these. Instead of hiring workers on a regular basis, companies hire workers 'flexibly' for short periods when there is intense pressure of work. This is done to reduce the cost of labour for the company. However, still not satisfied, foreign companies are demanding more flexibility in labour laws.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. What do you understand by the term 'Special Economic Zones'?
  1. Industrial zones.
  2. Banking zone.
  3. Farming zone.
  4. Forest Conservation zone.
  1. Which of the following steps have been taken by the government to attract foreign companies?
  1. Providing food, shelter and cloth.
  2. Judicial facilities.
  3. Companies do not have to pay taxes for an initial period of five years. Government has also allowed flexibility in the labour laws to attract foreign investment.
  4. All of these.
  1. Which facilities are provided in Special Economic Zones?
  1. Free raw materials for industries.
  2. Voting facility.
  3. SEZs are to have world class facilities: electricity, water, roads, transport, storage, recreational and educational facilities.
  4. Zero taxes in 10 years.
  1. Which of the following are/ is the demands of foreign companies?
  1. Free electricity
  2. Free transport.
  3. Less flexibility in labour laws.
  4. Foreign companies are demanding more flexibility in labour laws.
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Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
Globalisation has been facilitated by several factors. Three of these have been highlighted: rapid improvements in technology, liberalisation of trade and investment policies and, pressures from international organisations such as the WTO. But with the development of an economy, environmental protection is also necessary. ln June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio-de-Janeiro in Brazil, for the first international Earth Summit. The summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level. The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity. The Rio Convention endorsed the global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for achieving Sustainable Development in the 21st century.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. The so called first international Earth summit was convened for:
  1. Addressing urgent problems of environmental protection.
  2. Addressing socio-economic development at the global level.
  3. Both (a) and (b).
  4. None of these.
  1. The passage is mainly related to
  1. Globalisation and environment.
  2. Rio-de-Janeiro Earth Summit 1992.
  3. Sustainable development.
  4. Agenda 21.
  1. Agenda 21 is the flowchart of action to be taken by the assembled nations to:
  1. Achieve environmental protection.
  2. Fulfil the needs of future generations.
  3. Combat the hurdles that debar sustainable development.
  4. Attain socio-economic development at global level.
  1. The term used to achieve development without damaging the environment and without compromising with the needs of the future generations is:
  1. Socio-economic development.
  2. Agenda 21.
  3. Global environmental development.
  4. Sustainable development.
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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
Another important feature of the Civil Disobedience Movement was the large scale participation of women. During Gandhiji's Salt March, thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to him. They participated in protest-marches, manufactured salt and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many went to jail. In urban areas, these women were from high caste families. In rural areas, they came from rich peasant households. Moved by Gandhiji's call, they began to see service to the nation as a sacred duty of women. Gandhiji was convinced that it was the duty of women to look after home and hearth, be good mothers and good wives. And for a long time, the Congress was reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the organisation. It was keen only on their symbolic presence.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. During Gandhiji's Salt March, thousands of women participated in:
  1. Providing service to the nation.
  2. Doing protest marches.
  3. Fighting for struggle.
  4. Widespread resentment.
  1. The women from rural areas, mainly belonging to:
  1. High caste families.
  2. Low caste families.
  3. Rich peasant households.
  4. Dalit societies.
  1. When did Gandhi initiated a movement in Champaran in Bihar against the oppressive indigo plantation system?
  1. 1916
  2. 1920
  3. 1925
  4. 1918
  1. Women thought this as a sacred duty moved by Gandhiji's call:
  1. Looking after home and hearth.
  2. Service to the nation.
  3. Holding position of authority.
  4. Participating in the movement.
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Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
Ever since humans appeared on the earth, they have used different means of communication. But, the pace of change, has been rapid in modern times. Long-distance communication is far easier without the physical movement of the communicator or receiver. Personal communication and mass communication including television, radio, press, films, etc. are the major means of communication in the country.
Mass communication provides entertainment and creates awareness among people about various national programmes and policies. It includes radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books and films. All India Radio (Akashwani) broadcasts a variety of programmes in national, regional and local languages for various categories of people, spread over different parts of the country. Doordarshan, the national television channel of India, is one of the largest terrestrial networks in the world. It broadcasts a variety of programmes from entertainment, educational to sports, etc. for people of different age groups.
India publishes a large number of newspapers and periodicals annually. They are of different types depending upon their periodicity. Newspapers are published in about 100 languages and dialects. India is the largest producer of feature films in the world. It produces short films; video feature films and video short films. The Central Board of Film Certification is the authority to certify both Indian and foreign films.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. What does AIR stand for?
  1. All India Radio.
  2. American Indian Radio.
  3. Asian Indo Radio.
  4. None of these.
  1. Which is the authority to certify both Indian and foreign films?
  1. Censorship Board.
  2. Central Board of Film Certification.
  3. Central Bureau of Certification.
  4. Central Board.
  1. Following are the features of mass communication, except:
  1. Mass communication includes television, radio, press, films, etc.
  2. It is one of the major means of communication in the country.
  3. It provides entertainment as well as creates awareness among the masses.
  4. It is a communication between person to person.
  1. Which is the largest terrestrial networks in the world?
  1. BBC.
  2. CNN.
  3. Doordarshan.
  4. Reuters.
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Study the given extract carefully and answer the questions that follow:Mahatma Gandhi on Satyagraha
'It is said of "passive resistance" that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not passive resistance; indeed it call for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not passive but active.
'Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary he does not seek his destruction . In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill will whatever.
Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of love... Non-violence is the supreme dharma.
It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war god and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of nonviolence their own.
  1. What is the main difference between physical force and soul force?
  2. Why can't Indians carry arms? Explain.
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Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes. Countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income. This is based on the understanding that more incomemeans more of all things that human beings need. Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income. So, greater income itself is considered to be one important goal. The rich countries, excluding countries of the Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.
  1. Which country can be considered as a developed country in the modern world? Select your answer from the following statements.
  1. Countries which have accumulated huge amounts of wealth and always secures the future of their citizens. These countries are considered to be developed.
  2. Countries which are among the highest in the 'Human Development Index' are considered to be the developed countries.
  3. Only rich countries are considered to be developed because people have money to buy everything needed for human beings both material and non-material.
  4. Iran is a rich country and therefore it is a developed country.
  1. What is considered to be one of the most important attributes when we compare countries at the level of development?
  1. Industrial development.
  2. Resources of the country.
  3. Income.
  4. Import-export.
  1. The Middle East countries even though are rich countries; but they are not considered as a developed country because.
  1. Its high income is because of Oil exports and not because of development.
  2. It has all the facilities of a developed country because of its high income.
  3. Even after sufficient development they are still not considered as developed countries.
  4. It does not have many facilities so they are not treated as developed countries.
  1. ______ is the total income of the country divided by its total population.
  1. Gross income.
  2. Per capita income.
  3. Total income.
  4. Net income.
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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
Socially and politically, a landed aristocracy was the dominant class on the continent. The members of this class were united by a common way of life that cut across regional divisions. They owned estates in the countryside and also town-houses. They spoke French for the purpose of diplomacy and in high society. Their families were often connected by ties of marriage. This powerful aristocracy was, however, numerically a small group.
The majority of the population was made up of the peasantry. To the west, the bulk of the land was farmed by tenants and small owners while in Eastern and Central Europe the pattern of landholding was characterised by vast estates which were cultivated by serfs.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. Which was the dominant class on the continent of Europe?
  1. Tenants.
  2. Small owners.
  3. Landed aristocracy.
  4. High class society.
  1. What did the majority of population comprises of:
  1. Tenants.
  2. Small owners.
  3. Peasantry.
  4. Land holders.
  1. The given passage describes the social and political life of this class:
  1. Serfs and peasants.
  2. Aristocracy and middle class.
  3. Big land owners.
  4. Peasants and small owners.
  1. Aristocratic class used to speak French for the purpose of:
  1. Farming on a big land.
  2. Diplomacy and high society.
  3. Unity among the members.
  4. Reducing regional divisions.
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Read the source given below and answer lite questions that follows:
Economists began to think in terms of the national economy. They talked of how the nation could develop and what economic measures could help forge this nation together. Friedrich List, Professor of Economics at the University of Tu bingen in Germany, wrote in 1834: 'The aim of the zollverein is to bind the Germans economically into a nation. It will strengthen the nation materially as much by protecting its interests externally as by stimulating its internal productivity. It ought to awaken and raise national sentiment through a fusion of individual and provincial interests. The German people have realised that a free economic system is the only means to enhance national feeling'.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. State the aim of the Zollverein in Gennany.
  1. To divide German regions.
  2. To bind the Germans economically into a nation.
  3. To create confusion in trade.
  4. To support time consuming calculations.
  1. What German people have realized about new economic system?
  1. German people have realised that a free economic system is the only means to engender national feeling.
  2. German people wanted to conquer more regions.
  3. German people realised the importance of closed economy.
  4. German people realised that a free economic system is obstacle to develop nationalism.
  1. How does a country become stronger?
  1. By conquest.
  2. By making alliances.
  3. Both (a) and (b).
  4. It will strengthen the nation materially, as much by protecting its interests externally as by stimulating its internal productivity.
  1. Who was Friedrich List?
  1. Professor of Economics at the University of Tubingen in Germany.
  2. French Artist.
  3. Philosopher.
  4. Painter.
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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
Ernst Renan, ‘What is a Nation?’
In a lecture delivered at the University of Sorbonne in 1882, the French philosopher Ernst Renan (1823-92) outlined his understanding of what makes a nation. The lecture was subsequently published as a famous essay entitled ‘Qu’est-ce qu’une nation?’ (‘What is a Nation?’). In this essay Renan criticises the notion suggested by others that a nation is formed by a common language, race, religion, or territory:
‘A nation is the culmination of a long past of endeavours, sacrifice and devotion. A heroic past, great men, glory, that is the social capital upon which one bases a national idea. To have common glories in the past, to have a common will in the present, to have performed great deeds together, to wish to perform still more, these are the essential conditions of being a people. A nation is therefore a large-scale solidarity ... Its existence is a daily plebiscite ... A province is its inhabitants; if anyone has the right to be consulted, it is the inhabitant. A nation never has any real interest in annexing or holding on to a country against its will. The existence of nations is a good thing, a necessity even. Their existence is a guarantee of liberty, which would be lost if the world had only one law and only one master.’
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate options:
  1. A nation is the culmination of a long past of:
  1. Sacrifice.
  2. Endeavors.
  3. Devotion.
  4. All of these.
  1. What does a nation guarantee to its citizens?
  1. Happiness.
  2. Liberty.
  3. Wealth.
  4. Health.
  1. Ernst Renan was a ......... philosopher.
  1. British.
  2. American.
  3. Japanese.
  4. French.
  1. What is/ are the essential condition/ s of being a people?
  1. To have common glories in the past.
  2. To have performed great deeds together.
  3. To have a common will in the present.
  4. All of these.
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Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Today, in western Rajasthan, sadly the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting is on the decline as plenty of water is available due to the perennial Indira Gandhi Canal, though some houses still maintain the tankas since they do not like the taste of tap water. Fortunately, in many parts of rural and urban India, rooftop rainwater harvesting is being successfully adapted to store and conserve water. In Gendathur, a remote backward village in Mysuru, Karnataka, villagers have installed, in their household's rooftop, rainwater harvesting system to meet their water needs. Nearly 200 households have installed this system and the village has earned the rare distinction of being rich in rainwater. Gendathur receives an annual precipitation of 1,000 mm, and with 80 per cent of collection efficiency and of about 10 fillings, every house can collect and use about 50,000 litres of water annually. From the 200 houses, the net amount of rainwater harvested annually amounts to 1,00,000 litres.
i. What caused the rooftop rainwater harvesting practice to decline in western Rajasthan? (1)
ii. Why do some homes in western Rajasthan continue to use tankas when tap water is readily available? (1)
iii. Explain the successful adaptation of rooftop rainwater harvesting in Gendathur village in Mysuru, Karnataka, and its impact on water availability. (2)
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