The resistance of an electrical toaster has a temperature dependence given by $R\left( T \right) = {R_0}\left[ {1 + \alpha \left( {T - {T_0}} \right)} \right]$ in its range of operation. At ${T_0} = 300\,K,R = 100\,\Omega $ and at $T = 500\,K,\,R = 120\,\Omega $. The toaster is connected to a voltage source at $200\, V$ and its temperature is raised at a constant rate from $300$ to $500\, K$ in $30\, s$. The total work done in raising the temperature is
JEE MAIN 2016, Diffcult
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$R(T)=R_{o}\left(1+\alpha\left(T-T_{o}\right)\right)$

Applying boundary conditions, $120=100(1+200 \alpha)$

$\alpha=10^{-3}\, K^{-1}$

It is given that temperature increases at a constant rate from $300\, \mathrm{K}$ to $500\, \mathrm{K}$ in $30 \,\mathrm{s}$. Hence, $T(t)=300+20 t / 3$

By Joule's Law, heat dissipated in a resistor is given by:

$W=\int_{0}^{30} \frac{V^{2}}{R} d t$

$=\int_{0}^{30} \frac{V^{2}}{R_{0}\left(1+\alpha\left(T-T_{0}\right)\right)} d t$

$=\frac{V^{2}}{R_{o}} \int_{0}^{30} \frac{1}{(1+20 \alpha t / 3)} d t$

Solving, $W=400 \ln (6 / 5)$

Work done on resistor $=-W=400 \ln (5 / 6) \,J$

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