Electromagnetic Waves — Physics STD 12 Science — Question

2. Moving in a circular orbit.

4. falling in an electric field.

Solution:
Key concept:

1. An electromagnetic wave can be produced by accelerated or oscillating charge.
2. An oscillating charge is accelerating continuously, it will radiate electromagnetic waves continuously.
3. Electromagnetic waves are also produced when fast moving electrons are suddenly stopped by a metal target of high atomic number.

Here, in option (b) charge is moving in a circular orbit.
In circular motion, the direction of the motion of charge is changing continuously, thus it is an accelerated motion and this option is correct.
In option (d), the charge is falling in electric field. If a charged particle is moving in electric field it experiences a force or we can say it accelerates. We know an accelerating charge particle radiates electromagnetic waves. Hence option (d) is also correct.
Also, we know that a charge starts accelerating when it falls in an electric field.
Important points:

1. In an atom an electron is circulating around the nucleus in a stable orbit, although accelerating does not emit electromagnetic waves; it does so only when it jumps from a higher energy orbit to a lower energy orbit.
2. A simple LC oscillator and energy source can produce waves of desired frequency