Question
What are functional groups? Give examples.
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Answer
- An atom or a group of atoms which imparts specific properties to the compound is called a functional group.
- Chemical reactions of different organic compounds containing same functional group are same.
- Chemical reactions and properties of organic compounds containing different functional groups are different.
- Free valency or valencies of the group are shown by the single line (-).
- The functional group is attached to the carbon chain by replacing one or more hydrogen atom or atoms.
- Examples : Some examples of functional groups are as follows :
- Some functional groups in carbon compounds
| Hetero-atom | Class of compounds | Formula of functional group |
| Cl / Br | Halo-(Chloro / bromo) Alkane | - Cl, - Br (Substitutes for hydrogen atom) |
| Oxygen | 1. Alcohol | - OH |
| 2. Aldehyde |  |
|
| 3. Ketone |  |
|
| 4. Carboxylic acid | O || - C - OH |
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