Question
What are ionic compounds or electrovalent compounds? Explain with example.
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Answer
- The compounds formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non metal-are known as ionic compounds or electrovalent compounds.
- Atomic number of sodium is $11.$
- Sodium atom has one electron in its outermost shell ($M$-shell).
- Sodium atom loses the electron from its M-shell and forms sodium cation ($Na^+$) and acquires stable complete octet structure of noble gas neon $(Ne).$
- $Na \rightarrow Na ^{+}+ e ^{-}$
- $(2, 8, 1) (2, 8)$
- Similarly, atomic number of chlorine is $17.$
- Chlorine atom has seven electrons in its outermost shell (M-shell).
- Chlorine atom gains one $e^-$ which is lost by sodium atom and forms chloride anion ($CI^-$) and acquires stable complete octet structure of noble gas argon $(Ar).$
- $Cl + e ^{-} \rightarrow Cl ^{-}$
- $(2, 8, 7) (2, 8, 8)$
- Sodium cation ($Na^+$) and chloride anion ($Cl^-$) being oppositely charged attract each other and are held by strong electrostatic forces of attraction and exists as sodium chloride $(NaCl).$
- $Na ^{+}+ Cl ^{-} \rightarrow Na ^{+} Cl \text { or } NaCl$
- $(2, 8) (2, 8, 8)$
- In short,
- Sodium chloride exists as a group of oppositely charged ions.
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