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INDIA: MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCES. — Social Science STD 10 — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Social ScienceINDIA: MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCES.4 Marks
Question
Write in detail about mineral oil resource in India.
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Answer

Mineral oil is a fossil fuel of animal origin found in sedimentary rocks.
  • It is also found under sea beds.
  • $USA$ ranks first in mineral oil production and the other leading countries are Russia, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela and Kuwait.
  • In India it is found in Assam and Gujarat and in the sea beds of Bombay High and Gulf of Khambhat.
  • The first oil well was dug at Naharpong in Assam and in $1867$ oil was found at Makum in Assam at a depth of $36$ metres.
  • In Gujarat oil was first found at Lunej near Khambhat in $1958.$
  • The Oil and Natural Gas Commission $(ONGC)$ looks after the production of mineral oil in the country.
  • In $1962,$ the first public sector refinery was established in Guwahati.
  • More refineries were established in Kolkata, Chennai, Barauni and Vadodara.
  • At present there are $18$ refineries in India.
  • Bombay High produces $63\%$ of oil in Western India.
  • Gujarat and Assam produce $18\%$ and $16\%$ of the total quantity of oil, respectively.
  • In Gujarat oil is obtained from Mehsana, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, Kheda, Vadodara, Bharuch, Ankleshwar and Surat.
  • Gandhar oil field in Bharuch District produces best quality mineral oil.
  • The mineral oil is sent to the Koyali refinery at Vadodara.
  • Byproducts of mineral oil are kerosene, diesel, naphtha, petrol, tar, etc.

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