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Unit 4 Ch 2 : Sectors of the Indian Economy — Social Studies STD 10 — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Social StudiesUnit 4 Ch 2 : Sectors of the Indian Economy4 Marks
Question
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries
in tribal and backward areas. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous. India's prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible. Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They move hand in hand. For instance, the agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
Q.1. How India can become a prosperous country?
Q.2. What values do you learn from the above extract?
Q.3. What was the motto of establishing public sector and joint sector ventures in India?
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Answer

Q.1. India can be a prosperous country by increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries.
Q.2. From the above passage we learn that industrial development will generate more employment and income. Thereby, strengthening the economy of the country which is beneficial not only for workers working in the industries but also for the country.
Q.3. The main motto of public sector and joint sector was the eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country through industrial development

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Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
The availability of resources is a necessary condition for the development of any region, but mere availability of resources in the absence of corresponding changes in technology and institutions may hinder development. There are many regions in our country that are rich in resources but these are included in economically backward regions. On the contrary there are some regions which have a poor resource base but they are economically developed.
The history of colonisation reveals that rich resources in colonies were the main attractions for the foreign invaders. It was primarily the higher level of technological development of the colonising countries that helped them to exploit resources of other regions and establish their supremacy over the colonies. Therefore, resources can contribute to development only when they are accompanied by appropriate technological development and institutional changes. India has experienced all this in different phases of colonisation. Therefore, in India, development, in general, and resource development in particular does not only involve the availability of resources, but also the technology, quality of human resources and the historical experiences of the people.
Q.1. What is a necessary condition for the development of any region?
Q.2. What helped the colonial countries to exploit resources of their colonies?
Q.3. Why are some resource rich regions included in economically backward regions?
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Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
In recent years, the central and state governments in India are taking special steps to attract foreign companies to invest in India. Industrial zones, are called Special Economic Zones (SEZs), are being set up. SEZs are to have world class facilities: electricity, water, roads, transport, storage, recreational and educational facilities. Companies who set up production units in the SEZs do not have to pay taxes for an initial period of five years. Government has also allowed flexibility in the labour laws to attract foreign investment. Companies in the organised sector have to obey certain rules that aim to protect the workers' rights. In the recent years, the government has allowed companies to ignore many of these. Instead of hiring workers on a regular basis, companies hire workers 'flexibly' for short periods when there is intense pressure of work. This is done to reduce the cost of labour for the company. However, still not satisfied, foreign companies are demanding more flexibility in labour laws.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. What do you understand by the term 'Special Economic Zones'?
  1. Industrial zones.
  2. Banking zone.
  3. Farming zone.
  4. Forest Conservation zone.
  1. Which of the following steps have been taken by the government to attract foreign companies?
  1. Providing food, shelter and cloth.
  2. Judicial facilities.
  3. Companies do not have to pay taxes for an initial period of five years. Government has also allowed flexibility in the labour laws to attract foreign investment.
  4. All of these.
  1. Which facilities are provided in Special Economic Zones?
  1. Free raw materials for industries.
  2. Voting facility.
  3. SEZs are to have world class facilities: electricity, water, roads, transport, storage, recreational and educational facilities.
  4. Zero taxes in 10 years.
  1. Which of the following are/ is the demands of foreign companies?
  1. Free electricity
  2. Free transport.
  3. Less flexibility in labour laws.
  4. Foreign companies are demanding more flexibility in labour laws.
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Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year. And the sum of production in the three sectors gives what is called the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. It is the value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year. GDP shows how big the economy is. In India, the mammoth task of measuring GDP is undertaken by a central government ministry. This Ministry, with the help of various government departments of all the Indian states and union territories, collects information relating to total volume of goods and services and their prices and then estimates the GDP. When we produce a good by exploiting natural resources, it is an activity of the primary sector. The secondary sector in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity. After primary and secondary, there is a third category of activities that falls under the tertiary sector and is different from the above two. These are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors. These activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or a support for the production process.
  1. The money value of all the final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year is called:
  1. Gross domestic product.
  2. Net domestic product.
  3. National product.
  4. Production of secondary sector.
  1. Which sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in India?
  1. Primary sector
  2. Secondary sector
  3. Tertiary sector
  4. Science and technology sector
  1. Information and communication technology is associated with:
  1. Primary sector.
  2. Secondary sector.
  3. Tertiary sector.
  4. None of the above.
  1. Life insurance is an activity of the:
  1. Primary sector.
  2. Secondary sector.
  3. Tertiary sector.
  4. None of the above.
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Read the case given below and answer the questions that follow: Suppose for the present that a particular country is quite developed. We would certainly like this level of development to go up further or at least be maintained for future generations. This is obviously desirable. However, since the second half of the twentieth century, a number of scientists have been warning that the present type, and levels, of development are not sustainable. Groundwater is an example of renewable resources. These resources are replenished by nature as in the case of crops and plants. However, even these resources may be overused. For example, in the case of groundwater, if we use more than what is being replenished by rain then we would be overusing this resource. Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries; this issue is no longer region or nation specific. Our future is linked together. Sustainability of development is comparatively a new area of knowledge in which scientists, economists, philosophers and other social scientists are working together.
Q.1. What is the main cause that enhances environmental degradation?
Q.2. Define sustainable development.
Q.3. What kind of development should be achieved by making a sincere attempt to preserve the environment and resources?
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 Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
Globalisation has been facilitated by several factors. Three of these have been highlighted: rapid improvements in technology, liberalisation of trade and investment policies and, pressures from international organisations such as the WTO. But with the development of an economy, environmental protection is also necessary. ln June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio-de-Janeiro in Brazil, for the first international Earth Summit. The summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level. The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity. The Rio Convention endorsed the global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for achieving Sustainable Development in the 21st century.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. The so called first international Earth summit was convened for:
  1. Addressing urgent problems of environmental protection.
  2. Addressing socio-economic development at the global level.
  3. Both (a) and (b).
  4. None of these.
  1. The passage is mainly related to
  1. Globalisation and environment.
  2. Rio-de-Janeiro Earth Summit 1992.
  3. Sustainable development.
  4. Agenda 21.
  1. Agenda 21 is the flowchart of action to be taken by the assembled nations to:
  1. Achieve environmental protection.
  2. Fulfil the needs of future generations.
  3. Combat the hurdles that debar sustainable development.
  4. Attain socio-economic development at global level.
  1. The term used to achieve development without damaging the environment and without compromising with the needs of the future generations is:
  1. Socio-economic development.
  2. Agenda 21.
  3. Global environmental development.
  4. Sustainable development.
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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes. Countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income. This is based on the understanding that more income means more of all things that human beings need. Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income. So, greater income itself is considered to be one important goal. Now, what is the income of a country? Intuitively, the income of the country is the income of all the residents of the country. This gives us the total income of the country. However, for comparison between countries, total income is not such an useful measure. Since, countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. Are people in one country better off than others in a different country? Hence, we compare the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population. The average income is also called per capita income. In World Development Reports, brought out by the World Bank, this criterion is used in classifying countries. Countries with per capita income of US$\$$ 49,300 per annum and above in 2019, are called high income or rich countries and those with per capita income of US$\$$ 2500 or less are called low-income countries. The rich countries, excluding countries ofMiddle East and certain other small countries are generally called developed countries.

Q.1. Explain the significance of per capita Income.
Q.2. What are the classifications of countries based on per capita income, and which entity is responsible for determining these classifications?"
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Read the case given below and answer the questions that follow:
Energy can be generated from fuel minerals like coal, petroleum, natural gas, uranium and from electricity. Energy resources can be classified as conventional and non-conventional sources. Conventional sources include: firewood, cattle dung cake, coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity (both hydel and thermal). Non-conventional sources include solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas and atomic energy. Firewood and cattle dung cake are most common in rural India. According to one estimate, more than 70 percent energy requirement in rural households is met by these two, continuation of these is increasingly becoming difficult due to decreasing forest area. Moreover, using dung cake too is being discouraged because it consumes most
valuable manure which could be used in agriculture.
Q.1. Which conventional energy source are mostly used in rural areas?
Q.2. It is becoming difficult to continue the use of firewood and cattle dung. What is the reason?
Q.3. What are conventional sources of energy? Give two examples.
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Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
One way to find out if we are properly nourished is to calculate what nutrition scientists call it BMI. This is easy to calculate. Let each student in the class find out his or her weight and height. Take the weight of each student in kilograms (kg). Then, take the height by drawing up a scale on the wall and measuring accurately with the head straight. Convert the height recorded in centimeters into meters. Divide the weight in kg by the square of the height. The number you get is called BMI. Then, look at the BMI-for-Age tables given on pages 90–91. A student’s BMI could be within the normal range or less than that (underweight) or more (obesity). For example, if a girl student is 14 years and 8 month old and the BMI is 15.2, then she is undernourished. Similarly, if the BMI of a boy aged 15 years and 6 months is 28, then he is overweight. Discuss the life situation, food and exercise habits of students, in general, without body shaming anyone.
  1. What is BMI?
  1. Body mass information.
  2. Body mean information.
  3. Body mean index.
  4. Body mass index.
  1. Identify the correct formula to calculate the BMI.
  1. Height/ Weight2
  2. Weight/ height2
  3. Weight/ height
  4. Weight2/ heigh
  1. Rahul is 5 ft 6 inches tall and he weighs 82 kilos. Calculate his BMI.
  1. 23.5
  2. 29.2
  3. 27.6
  4. 21.3
  1. According to Rahul’s BMI, he is _______.
  1. Overweight.
  2. Underweight.
  3. Normal.
  4. Obese.
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Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Total income is not such a useful measure. Since, countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. Are people in one country better off than others in a different country? Hence, we compare the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population. The average income is also called per capita income. In World Development Reports, brought out by the World Bank, this criterion is used in classifying countries. Countries with per capitain come of US$ 12,056 per annum and above in 2017, are called rich countries and those with per capita income ofUS$ 955 or less are called low-income countries. India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its per capita income in 2017was just US$ 1820 per annum. The rich countries, excluding countries of Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.
  1. Countries with per capita income of US$ 12,056 per annum and above are called ________ .
  1. Low income countries.
  2. Rich countries.
  3. Small countries.
  4. None of these.
  1. We compare the average income by ________.
  1. Total income of the country divided by the total population.
  2. Total population multiplied by total income.
  3. Both A and B.
  4. None of these.
  1. The rich countries exclude the countries of ________.
  1. Middle East.
  2. Certain other small countries.
  3. Srilanka.
  4. All of these.
  1. The average income is:
  1. Income per person.
  2. Income per family.
  3. Income per month.
  4. Income per earning person.
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Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes. Countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income. This is based on the understanding that more incomemeans more of all things that human beings need. Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income. So, greater income itself is considered to be one important goal. The rich countries, excluding countries of the Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.
  1. Which country can be considered as a developed country in the modern world? Select your answer from the following statements.
  1. Countries which have accumulated huge amounts of wealth and always secures the future of their citizens. These countries are considered to be developed.
  2. Countries which are among the highest in the 'Human Development Index' are considered to be the developed countries.
  3. Only rich countries are considered to be developed because people have money to buy everything needed for human beings both material and non-material.
  4. Iran is a rich country and therefore it is a developed country.
  1. What is considered to be one of the most important attributes when we compare countries at the level of development?
  1. Industrial development.
  2. Resources of the country.
  3. Income.
  4. Import-export.
  1. The Middle East countries even though are rich countries; but they are not considered as a developed country because.
  1. Its high income is because of Oil exports and not because of development.
  2. It has all the facilities of a developed country because of its high income.
  3. Even after sufficient development they are still not considered as developed countries.
  4. It does not have many facilities so they are not treated as developed countries.
  1. ______ is the total income of the country divided by its total population.
  1. Gross income.
  2. Per capita income.
  3. Total income.
  4. Net income.
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