Consider a block of conducting material ofresistivity '$\rho$' shown in the figure. Current '$I$' enters at '$A$' and leaves from '$D$'. We apply superp osition principle to find voltage '$\Delta  V$ ' developed between '$B$' and '$C$'. The calculation is done in the following steps:
$(i)$ Take current '$I$' entering from '$A$' and assume it to spread over a hemispherical surface in the block.
$(ii)$ Calculatefield $E(r)$ at distance '$r$' from $A$ by using Ohm's law $E = \rho  j$, where j is the current per unit area at '$r$'.
(iii) From the '$r$' dependence of $E(r)$, obtain the potential $V(r)$ at $r$.
(iv) Repeat $(i), (ii)$ and $(iii)$ for current '$I$' leaving '$D$' and superpose results for '$A$' and '$D$'.

$\Delta V$ measured between $B$ and $C$ is

  • A$\frac{{\rho I}}{{2\pi (a - b)}}$
  • B$\frac{{\rho I}}{{\pi a}} - \frac{{\rho I}}{{\pi (a + b)}}$
  • C$\frac{{\rho I}}{a} - \frac{{\rho I}}{{(a + b)}}$
  • D$\frac{{\rho I}}{{2\pi a}} - \frac{{\rho I}}{{2\pi (a + b)}}$
AIEEE 2008, Diffcult
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